Nail problems are not usually caused by anything serious. Common nail problems include brittle, loose nails that may change colour or shape.
It's normal for nails to:
- become thicker or break more easily (brittle) as you get older
- become harder, softer or more brittle during pregnancy (they should be healthier within 6 months of having a baby)
- change colour, become loose and eventually fall off after an injury
Fingernails that fall off after an injury should grow back within 6 months. Toenails can take up to 18 months.
There are some things you can do to help with common nail problems.
See a GP if:
- a nail has changed shape, changed colour or fallen off and you do not know why
- the skin around your nails has become sore, red, swollen and warm (paronychia), which can be a sign of an infection or ingrown toenail
See a podiatrist if:
- your nails are too tough to cut or you cannot reach them
Some GPs may be able to refer you to a footcare specialist (podiatrist). You can also pay to see a podiatrist privately.
Most nail problems are caused by:
- injuries or biting your nails
- staining your nails, for example, by smoking or applying a lot of nail varnish
- not regularly trimming your nails, or cutting them at an angle
- your hands often being in water or cleaning products
- a fungal nail infection
Nail problems can sometimes be a symptom of a more serious or long-term condition, such as:
- psoriasis
- iron deficiency anaemia
- an underactive thyroid or overactive thyroid
- diabetes
- heart, lung or liver disease
Some medicines can also cause nail problems. Check the side effects of any medicine you're taking.
Self-refer to a podiatrist
If you have nail problems, you might be able to refer yourself directly to a podiatrist without seeing a GP.
To find out if there are any services in your area:
- ask the reception staff at your GP surgery
- check your GP surgery's website
- contact your integrated care board (ICB) – find your local ICB
- search online for NHS podiatrists near you